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Media literacy & information warfare

Propaganda mechanics, algorithmic amplification & the habits that keep you grounded in reality

Modern propaganda doesn't need to lie — it just needs to select, frame, and repeat. Selecting which facts to cover and which to ignore. Framing how those facts are contextualized (a 0.1% unemployment drop is either "historic progress" or "trivial improvement" depending on the frame). Repetition, the "illusory truth effect" — claims become believable through repeated exposure, regardless of their accuracy. The defense: primary sources over secondary, diverse sources over a single trusted outlet, and deliberate consumption rather than passive scrolling.

Key Points

  • Selection + framing + repetition = the propaganda toolkit
  • Illusory truth effect: repetition increases perceived accuracy
  • Algorithmic amplification selects for outrage, not accuracy
  • Primary sources: read the actual study, the actual statement, the actual document
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