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Webhooks & event-driven architecture: building reactive systems

Webhook security, idempotency, retry logic & the event patterns behind scalable automations

Webhooks are push notifications from external services. They're simple in concept and surprisingly tricky in practice. The core problems: (1) delivery is not guaranteed — the sender will retry, so your handler must be idempotent; (2) order is not guaranteed — events can arrive out of sequence; (3) verification is critical — anyone can POST to your webhook endpoint, so you must verify the signature. Stripe's webhook model is the gold standard — study it.

Key Points

  • Idempotency: processing the same event twice must produce the same result
  • Return 200 immediately, process async — avoid timeouts
  • Verify HMAC signatures before processing anything
  • Store event IDs to deduplicate retries
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